🎯 Python Quick Quiz – OOP Edition
💡 _What is the primary use of the __init__ method in a Python class?_

🔘 Option 1: Initializing class attributes ✅
🔘 Option 2: Defining class methods
🔘 Option 3: Inheriting from a superclass
🔘 Option 4: Handling exceptions

🧠 Correct Answer: Option 1
📌 The init method is a special method used to initialize the object’s attributes when a class is instantiated. It's like a constructor in other programming languages.

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

john = Person("John", 25)
print(john.name)  # Output: John

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🔄 How to define a class variable shared among all instances of a class in Python?

In Python, if you want to define a variable that is shared across all instances of a class, you should define it outside of any method but inside the class — this is called a class variable.

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✅ Correct answer to the question:

> How would you define a class variable that is shared among all instances of a class in Python?

🟢 Option 2: Outside of any method at the class level

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🔍 Let’s review the other options:

🔴 Option 1: Inside the constructor method using self
This creates an instance variable, specific to each object, not shared.

🔴 Option 3: As a local variable inside a method
Local variables are temporary and only exist inside the method scope.

🔴 Option 4: As a global variable outside the class
Global variables are shared across the entire program, not specific to class instances.

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🚗 Simple Example: Class Variable in Action

class Car:
    wheels = 4  # ✅ class variable, shared across all instances

    def __init__(self, brand, color):
        self.brand = brand  # instance variable
        self.color = color  # instance variable

car1 = Car("Toyota", "Red")
car2 = Car("BMW", "Blue")

print(Car.wheels)   # Output: 4
print(car1.wheels)  # Output: 4
print(car2.wheels)  # Output: 4

Car.wheels = 6  # changing the class variable

print(car1.wheels)  # Output: 6
print(car2.wheels)  # Output: 6

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💡 Key Takeaways:
- self. creates instance variables → unique to each object.
- Class-level variables (outside methods) are shared across all instances.
- Perfect for shared attributes like constants, counters, or shared settings.



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👨‍💻 From: https://yangx.top/DataScienceQ

🚀 How to Call a Parent Class Method from a Child Class in Python?

Let's dive in and answer this popular interview-style question! 👨‍💻👩‍💻

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🔥 Question:
How can you call a method of the parent class from within a method of a child class?

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✅ Correct Answer:
Option 1: Using the super() function

👉 Why?
- In Python, super() is the standard way to access methods and properties of a parent class from inside a child class.
- It's clean, elegant, and also supports multiple inheritance properly.

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✅ Quick Example:

class Parent:
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello from Parent!")

class Child(Parent):
    def greet(self):
        print("Hello from Child!")
        super().greet()  # Calling parent class method

# Create an instance
child = Child()
child.greet()

🛠 Output:

Hello from Child!
Hello from Parent!

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🔥 Let's Review Other Options:
- Option 2: Directly calling parent method (like Parent.greet(self)) is possible but not recommended. It tightly couples the child to a specific parent class name.
- Option 3: Creating an instance of the parent class is incorrect; you should not create a new parent object.
- Option 4: parent_method() syntax without reference is invalid.

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🎯 Conclusion:
✅ Always use super() inside child classes to call parent class methods — it's the Pythonic way! 🐍✨

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📚 Hashtags:
#Python #OOP #Inheritance #super #PythonTips #Programming #CodeNewbie #LearnPython

🔚 Channel:
https://yangx.top/DataScienceQ

🔥 Simple Explanation:
- In Python, we use the class keyword to define any class (whether it's a base class or a child class).
- There’s no keyword like inherit, superclass, or parent in Python.
- inherit means "to inherit," but it's not a Python keyword.
- superclass and parent are just concepts, not keywords.

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✅ A Simple Example:

class Animal:
    pass

class Dog(Animal):
    pass

🔹 Here:
- Animal is a base class (or parent class).
- Dog is a child class that inherits from Animal.

And for both, the class keyword is used! 🎯

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🎯 Conclusion:
✅ So, always use class to define any class in Python (whether it's a parent or child class).

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👨‍💻 From: https://yangx.top/DataScienceQ

Question 7 (Intermediate):
What does the @property decorator do in Python?

A) Converts a method into a read-only attribute
B) Marks a function as a class method
C) Enforces type checking on variables
D) Makes a method private

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Question 12 (Intermediate):
What is the key difference between @classmethod and @staticmethod in Python OOP?

A) Classmethods can modify class state, staticmethods can't
B) Staticmethods are inherited, classmethods aren't
C) Classmethods receive implicit first argument (cls), staticmethods receive no special first argument
D) Classmethods are faster to execute

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Question 23 (Advanced):
How does Python's "Name Mangling" (double underscore prefix) work in class attribute names, and what's its practical purpose?

class Test:
    def __init__(self):
        self.public = 10
        self._protected = 20
        self.__private = 30  # Name mangling

obj = Test()
print(dir(obj))  # What happens to __private?

Options:
A) Completely hides the attribute
B) Renames it to _Test__private
C) Makes it immutable
D) Converts it to a method

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✅ By: https://yangx.top/DataScienceQ